Malocclusions include any misalignment or incorrect relation between the upper and lower arches of teeth as they meet when the jaws close. This condition is common, but most cases are too mild to require treatment. Those with moderate malocclusions may choose to receive treatment to improve the look and health of their teeth.
Severe malocclusion, or craniofacial anomalies, require orthodontic or surgical intervention to ensure proper dental function, as well as prevent the malocclusion from distorting the patient’s facial contours and contributing to speech problems. Most skeletal malocclusions can only be treated by orthognathic surgery.
Classification of Malocclusions
Malocclusions generally fall into three classes:
- Class I - includes tooth misalignment and spacing issues
- Class II – includes the above with an overbite
- Class III – includes tooth misalignment and underbite
Crowding of teeth, while certainly an orthodontic issue, does not fit directly into this classification. Tooth crowding occurs when there is insufficient room for adult teeth to emerge properly. Causes include extra teeth, impacted teeth, abnormally shaped teeth, or an underdeveloped jaw.
Treatment for Malocclusion
Early intervention (phase one orthodontics) can widen a small jaw to prevent tooth crowding and consequential malocclusion. This can substantially reduce the chances of more intrusive procedures being necessary as children mature.
Surgery may be required in rare cases to lengthen or shorten the jaw; this is referred to as orthognathic surgery. When severe bite issues are involved, wires, plates, or screws may be used to secure the jaw bone, much like the surgical stabilization of jaw fractures.
For moderate malocclusions, treatment can last from one to two years. When only minor crowding or misalignment exists, teeth straightening can often be expedited. However, a retainer is still required to stabilize the newly repositioned teeth.
Retainers
Retainers are designed to prevent relapse and are usually removable, but can sometimes be permanently attached, if necessary. They may be made of plastic and look similar to a clear aligner, or it might be a wired appliance.
It is typical to wear a retainer for at least part of the day for at least six months to a year. In some cases, retainers are worn at night indefinitely. If you or your child have a malocclusion that is serious enough to cause you concern, call North Valley Orthodontics in Phoenix today!